![]() 9 However, it is important to note that countries may use differing methodological approaches to collect their data and statistics. Looking at worldwide estimates, lifetime PTSD prevalence ranges from 0.3% in China to 6.1% in New Zealand. 6.3% in girls, and is associated with high rates of truancy, vandalism, alcohol use, and running away, especially if it occurs before the age of 15. 8 The 6-month prevalence of PTSD is estimated to be 3.7% in boys vs. 9.7% in women the 12-month prevalence is 1.8% in men vs. 6,7 Furthermore, the lifetime prevalence in men is 3.6% vs. The lifetime prevalence of PTSD among adults in the US is estimated to be 6.8%. 5 The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), published in May of 2013, reclassified PTSD from an anxiety disorder into a new class of "trauma and stressor-related disorders." 5As such, a diagnosis of PTSD now requires exposure to a traumatic or stressful event-a decision made based on the clinical recognition of variable expressions of distress as a result of traumatic experience. Over time, the PTSD diagnosis has been revised ( Table 1) to include exposure to trauma as a necessary element. PTSD was originally only referenced as a consequence to a catastrophic traumatic event that was considered outside the range of usual human experience-such as war, torture, rape, manmade disasters (i.e., the Holocaust, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, the 9/11 terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center), natural disasters (i.e., earthquakes, hurricanes, flooding and volcano eruptions), and everyday incidents (i.e., factory explosions, airplane crashes and automobile accidents). As a result, PTSD was formally recognized as a diagnosis in the third edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III), published in 1980. Researchers and clinicians first got involved in studying the plight and sufferings of Vietnam War veterans and set their goal to create a single diagnostic entity to include multiple psychiatric symptoms. Exposure to traumatic events has been a part of the human condition since the creation of Adam and Eve 1 and symptoms of PTSD have been documented in the lives of heroes and heroines throughout history and literature-examples include Trojan War characters Agamemnon and Achilles in the Odyssey, and Shakespeare's Henry IV and Lady Macbeth. The purpose of this article is to introduce primary care clinicians to the history, epidemiology, biological causes, and psychosocial complications of PTSD to review the diagnostic evaluation and the biopsychosocial and spiritual interventions that have been used in treatment.Īlthough it was not given a formal name, the psychiatric diagnosis that is now known as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has been recognized through the centuries by several other monikers including shell shock, battle fatigue, soldier heart, accident neurosis, as well as concentration camp or post-rape syndrome. They also remember and often relive the traumatic events. ![]() Patients with PTSD continue to exhibit symptoms of anxiety, hypervigilance, sleep difficulties, anger, and irritability, in addition to psychological numbness and interpersonal, social, educational, and vocational dysfunctions. Traumatic events that may cause PTSD include violent personal assaults, natural or man-made disasters, (i.e., terrorist attacks, motor vehicle accidents, rape, physical and sexual abuse, and other crimes), or military combat. It commonly involves actual or threatened death, serious injury, or threat to a person’s physical integrity, combined with feelings of intense fear, helplessness, or horror. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Making the DiagnosisĪBSTRACT: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after a traumatic event is witnessed or experienced. Home » Misc » Differential diagnosis for ptsd Differential diagnosis for ptsd
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